Are You Reading Your Sunscreen Label Correctly?
Sunscreen labels can be confusing, but understanding a few key terms can make it much easier to choose the right product. SPF, broad spectrum, water resistance, and active ingredients can help you understand what protection a sunscreen provides and how to use it correctly.
The front of the bottle usually displays the SPF, broad-spectrum claim, and water-resistance time. The Drug Facts panel lists the active ingredients, warnings, and directions for use.
What Does Water Resistant Mean?
FDA labeling rules do not allow sunscreens to be described as “waterproof” or “sweatproof.” These terms could mislead shoppers into thinking they can stay in the water or continue sweating indefinitely without losing protection.
Instead, products may be labeled water resistant, and the bottle must state whether that protection lasts for 40 or 80 minutes while swimming or sweating. Sunscreens are also no longer described as “sunblocks,” since no product can completely block the sun’s harmful ultraviolet rays.
Once the stated time has passed, apply more, especially if you are still swimming or sweating. You should also reapply after towel drying.
What Does the SPF Number Mean?
You may have noticed the wide range of SPF numbers available. SPF stands for Sun Protection Factor and mainly measures protection against UVB rays, which are a major cause of sunburn.
A higher SPF does not mean you can stay outside all day without reapplying, and it cannot provide its labeled protection if too little is used.
The American Academy of Dermatology recommends choosing a broad-spectrum, water-resistant product with an SPF of 30 or higher. The words Broad Spectrum mean the product helps protect against both UVA and UVB rays.
UVA rays contribute to premature skin aging, while UVB rays are mainly responsible for sunburn. Both types can damage the skin and increase the risk of skin cancer.
Read the Directions Before Applying
The Directions section explains how much to apply, when to put it on, and when another application is needed.
Apply sunscreen before going outdoors and use enough to cover all exposed areas. Most adults need about one ounce, or roughly enough to fill a shot glass, to cover exposed skin when wearing a swimsuit.
Apply it about 15 minutes before sun exposure and reapply approximately every two hours. When swimming or sweating, follow the product’s 40- or 80-minute water-resistance directions.
Understanding the Active Ingredients
There are two common categories of active ingredients used in sunscreen: mineral and chemical filters.
Zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are mineral ingredients. Other sunscreen active ingredients are commonly described as chemical filters.
Some people prefer mineral formulas because they may feel gentler on sensitive skin. Others find chemical or combination products easier to spread and more comfortable for daily wear. Both types can provide effective protection when used correctly.
Check the Active Ingredients section on the bottle to see what the product contains. If you have sensitive skin, allergies, acne, or another skin concern, a dermatologist can help you choose ingredients that may work better for you.
Using Sunscreen in the Lowcountry
Living in the Lowcountry means there are plenty of opportunities to enjoy outdoor activities, from beach days and boating to gardening and sports. Since avoiding the sun completely would mean missing out on much of that fun, remember a few simple rules.
Choose a water-resistant formula when swimming or sweating, use enough to cover exposed skin, and follow the directions on the bottle. Seek shade when possible, and wear protective clothing, a wide-brimmed hat, and sunglasses for additional coverage.
Check the Expiration Date
Before using an older bottle, check the expiration date and look for changes in smell, color, texture, or consistency. Replace the product if it is expired or appears to have changed.
Store it away from excessive heat and direct sunlight whenever possible.
If you have trouble finding the right option for yourself or your family, ask a board-certified dermatologist or another trusted skincare professional. Samples can be helpful when available because the best sunscreen is one that feels comfortable and that you will use correctly and consistently.